CANDY - Tools - Outdoor wave propagation models

CANDY - Tools - Simple outdoor wave propagation models

Translation Frequency - Wavelength (for Vacuum)
Free Space Loss
Plane Earth (Egli)
Okumura-Hata
COST 231 Hata
COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami LOS
COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami NLOS
Link Budget
Fresnel Zone

Translation Frequency – Wavelength (for Vacuum)
Frequency		[MHz]
Wavelength		[m]
*c = Frequency Wavelength** Speed of Light in Vacuum c = 299792 km/s

Free Space Loss
Frequency		[MHz]
Distance of Antenna		[km]
L = 32.44 + 20 lg (f) + 20 lg (d) Formula for isotropic antenna and vacuum
Path Loss		[dB]

Plane Earth (Egli)
Frequency		[MHz]
Distance of Antennas		[km]
Height Base Station		[m]
Height mobile Station		[m]
Factor		(theor. x = 4) in cities ca. 3.2
*L = 87,96 + 20 lg(f) + x10lg(d) - 20 lg(hb) - 20 lg(hm)*
Path Loss		[dB]

Okumura Hata
Frequency		[MHz]
Distance of Antennas		[km]
Height Base Station		[m]
Height mobile Station		[m]
Area		1-open, 2-suburban 3-small_city, 4-city
*L = 69,55 + 26,16 lg (f) -13,82 lg(hb) + (- 6,55 lg(hb) + 44,9) lg (d) - K** 1: K = 4,78(lg(f)^2 - 18,33 lg(f) + 40,94 2: K = 2(lg(f/28)^2 + 5,4 3: K = (1,1 lg(f) -0,7)hm - (1,56 lg(f) -0,8) 4: K = 8,29(lg(1,54 hm))^2 - 1,1 (for f < 300 MHz) K = 3,2(lg(11,7554 hm))^2 -4,97 (for f >= 300 MHz)
Path Loss		[dB]

COST 231 Hata
Frequency		[MHz]
Distance of Antennas		[km]
Height Base Station		[m]
Height mobile Station		[m]
Area		2-suburban 3-small_city, 4-city
*L = 46,3 + 33,9 lg (f) - 13,82 lg(hm) + (- 6,55 lg(hb) + 44,9) lg (d) + K** 2: K = 0 dB 3: K = 0 dB 4: K = 3 dB
Path Loss		[dB]

COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami LOS
Frequency		[MHz]
Distance of Antennas		[km]
L = 42.6 + 20 lg (f) + 26 lg (d)
Path Loss		[dB]

COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami NLOS
Frequency		[MHz]
Distance of Antennas		[km]
Height Base Station		[m]
Height mobile Station		[m]
Height of Buildings		[m]
Width between Buildings		[m]
Width of Street		[m]
Incident Angle		[grad]
Area		3-small_city, 4-city
L = Lfs + Lrts + Lmsd Lfs = Free Space Loss Lrts = -16.9 + 10 lg(f) + 20 lg(hr-hm) - 10 lg(w) + Lori Lori = -10 + 0.354phi (0 <= phi < 35) Lori = 2,5 + 0,075(phi - 35) (35 <= phi < 55) Lori = 4,0 - 0,114(phi-55) (55 <= phi < 90) Lmsd = Lbsh + ka + kd lg(d) + kf* lg(f) - 9lg(b) kf = -4 + 0.7+(f/925 -1) (small_city) kf = -4 + 1.5(f/925-1) (city) kd = 18 ( hb > hr ) kd = 33 - 15hb/hr ( hb <= hr ) ka = 54 ( hb > hr ) ka = 54 - 0.8(hb-hr) ( hb <= hr and d >= 0.5 km ) ka = 54 -1.6d(hb-hr) ( hb <= hr abd d < 0.5 km) Lbsh = -18*lg(1+hb-hr) ( hb > hr ) Lbsh = 0 ( hb <= hr )
Path Loss		[dB]

Link Budget
Frequency		[MHz]
Free Space Loss or Distance		[dB] [km]
Power Transmitter		[dBm] [mW]
Cable Loss Transmitter		[dB]
Antenna Gain Transmitter		[dBi]
Antenna Gain Receiver		[dBi]
Cable Loss Receiver		[dB]
Power Receiver		[dBm] [mW]
Fade Margin		[dB]
Lpr = Lpt - Lt + Lgt - Lfs + Lgr - Lr
Calculate	Power Transmitter Power Receiver Distance Fade margin	...

Fresnel Zone
Frequency		[MHz]
Distance of Antennas		[km]
Barrier Height		[m]
*r-max = 0,5 sqrt( d * c / f ) h-min = hi + d^2/(8R) + r-max** Speed of Light in Vacuum c = 299792 km/s Earth´s Radius R = 6371 km.
Radius max of 1. Fresnel Zone		[m]
Antenna Height min		[m]

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D. Gütter, 2007